Radiologic Assessment of Native Renal Vasculature

Targeted CE per ARRT’s Discipline, Category, and Subcategory classification for enrollments starting after January 30, 2024:
[Note: Discipline-specific Targeted CE credits may be less than the total Category A credits approved for this course.]

Computed Tomography: 2.00
Procedures: 2.00
Abdomen and Pelvis: 2.00

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: 2.00
Procedures: 2.00
Body: 2.00

Registered Radiologist Assistant: 3.50
Procedures: 3.50
Abdominal Section: 3.50

Sonography: 2.00
Procedures: 2.00
Abdomen: 2.00

Vascular-Interventional Radiography: 2.00
Procedures: 2.00
Vascular Diagnostic Procedures: 1.00
Vascular Interventional Procedures: 1.00

Vascular Sonography: 2.00
Procedures: 2.00
Abdominal/Pelvic Vasculature: 2.00

Outline

1. Introduction
2. Anatomy
3. Imaging Protocols
4. Processes Affecting the Renal Arteries
   1. Renal Artery Stenosis
   2. Fibromuscular Dysplasia
   3. Renal Artery Entrapment
   4. Renal Artery Dissection
   5. Renal Artery Aneurysm
      1. Pseudoaneurysm
   6. Mycotic RAA
   7. Renal Artery Occlusion
5. Systemic Disorders Affecting the Renal Arteries
   1. Polyarteritis Nodosa
   2. Other Vasculitides
   3. Neurofibromatosis
   4. Takayasu Arteritis
   5. Arteriovenous Communications
      1. Arteriovenous Malformation
      2. Arteriovenous Fistula
      3. Arteriovenous Connections Associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma
   6. Secondary Ureteropelvic Junciton Obstruction Caused by Crossing Vessels
6. Processes Affecting the Renal Veins
   1. Nutcracker Syndrome
   2. Renal Vein Thrombosis
   3. Renal Vein Tumor Thrombosis
      1. Renal Cell Carcinoma
      2. Other Tumors
   4. Renal Vein Leiomyosarcoma
   5. Renal Vein Traume
7. Conclusion

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, students will:

1. state the length and diameter of the main renal artery
2. name the only major vessel to course posterior to the inferior vena cava
3. list the origins for multiple renal arteries in patients with horseshoe kidney
4. list the veins that drain the kidney
5. choose the imaging modality that provides real-time qualitative and quantitative information regarding the renal vasculature
6. select the peak systolic velocity range in the main renal artery
7. list advantages of CT for evaluation of renal vasculature
8. state the most common cause of secondary hypertension
9. describe where direct signs of renal artery stenosis appear
10. express the percent of accuracy of CT angiography for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis
11. list the secondary CT signs of hemodynamically significant stenosis
12. state the renal resistive index suggesting poor therapeutic response to revascularization treatment of renal artery stenosis
13. describe the arteries affected by fibromuscular dysplasia
14. list the subclassifcations of fibromuscular dysplasia
15. associate medial fibroplasia with “string of pearls” appearance
16. state the imaging procedure that is 100% sensitive for the diagnos
17. is of fibromuscular dysplasia
18. choose the treatment of choice for renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia
19. list the non-specific symptoms of renal artery dissection
20. describe where spontaneous artery dissection most often originates
21. differentiate between treatment methods for spontaneous renal artery dissection
22. state the most common site for renal artery aneurysm
23. state additional arteries that may be affected in patients with renal artery aneurysm
24. choose the surveillance time frame for renal artery aneurysms 1.0-1.5 cm in diameter
25. list treatments for renal artery aneurysms
26. state the symptoms of pseudoaneurysm
27. choose the imaging modality the shows the “yin-yang” sign
28. list inflammatory changes associated with mycotic renal artery aneurysm
29. express the time frame in which main renal artery occlusion can lead to kidney infarction
30. state the shape of renal infarction as seen on contrast-enhanced CT
31. state the imaging reference standard for detection of renal artery occlusion
32. express the artery sizes affected by polyarteritis nodosa
33. select the most common cause of death in NF-1 patients
34. choose the patient population in which NF-1 associated stenoses often occur
35. list the manifestations associated with Takayasu arteritis
36. state the classification for renal AVMs
37. tell the percentage of arteriovenous fistulas that occur after renal biopsy
38. choose the best imaging procedure to define ureteropelvic junction obstruction
39. describe nutcracker syndrome
40. choose the imaging examination of choice for the diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome
41. list the risk factors for renal vein thrombosis
42. state the most common type of cancer to affect the renal veins
43. state the most common renal and abdominal malignancy of childhood
44. choose the muscle source of leiomyosarcoma
45. state the percent to which injury to the renal vein occurs as a rare complication of abdominal trauma